kubectl-basics

kubectl 是 Kubernetes 的命令行工具,用于与集群进行交互。本 skill 涵盖日常运维中最常用的命令。

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Install skill "kubectl-basics" with this command: npx skills add chaterm/terminal-skills/chaterm-terminal-skills-kubectl-basics

kubectl 基础操作

概述

kubectl 是 Kubernetes 的命令行工具,用于与集群进行交互。本 skill 涵盖日常运维中最常用的命令。

集群信息

集群信息

kubectl cluster-info kubectl version

节点信息

kubectl get nodes kubectl describe node <node-name>

上下文切换

kubectl config get-contexts kubectl config use-context <context-name>

资源查看

常用资源

Pod

kubectl get pods kubectl get pods -o wide kubectl get pods -A # 所有命名空间

Deployment

kubectl get deployments kubectl get deploy -o yaml

Service

kubectl get services kubectl get svc

所有资源

kubectl get all kubectl get all -n <namespace>

输出格式

kubectl get pods -o wide # 详细信息 kubectl get pods -o yaml # YAML 格式 kubectl get pods -o json # JSON 格式 kubectl get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}'

资源操作

创建与删除

从文件创建

kubectl apply -f manifest.yaml kubectl create -f manifest.yaml

删除资源

kubectl delete -f manifest.yaml kubectl delete pod <pod-name> kubectl delete pod <pod-name> --force --grace-period=0

编辑与更新

编辑资源

kubectl edit deployment <name>

打补丁

kubectl patch deployment <name> -p '{"spec":{"replicas":3}}'

扩缩容

kubectl scale deployment <name> --replicas=5

Pod 调试

查看日志

kubectl logs <pod-name> kubectl logs <pod-name> -c <container> kubectl logs <pod-name> -f # 实时跟踪 kubectl logs <pod-name> --previous # 上一个容器

进入容器

kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -- /bin/bash kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c <container> -- sh

端口转发

kubectl port-forward <pod-name> 8080:80 kubectl port-forward svc/<service> 8080:80

常见场景

场景 1:快速排查 Pod 问题

1. 查看 Pod 状态

kubectl get pod <name> -o wide

2. 查看事件

kubectl describe pod <name> | grep -A 20 Events

3. 查看日志

kubectl logs <name> --tail=100

场景 2:滚动更新

更新镜像

kubectl set image deployment/<name> container=image:tag

查看更新状态

kubectl rollout status deployment/<name>

回滚

kubectl rollout undo deployment/<name> kubectl rollout history deployment/<name>

快捷别名

推荐添加到 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc

alias k='kubectl' alias kgp='kubectl get pods' alias kgs='kubectl get svc' alias kgd='kubectl get deploy' alias kd='kubectl describe' alias kl='kubectl logs' alias ke='kubectl exec -it'

故障排查

状态 可能原因 排查命令

Pending 资源不足/调度问题 kubectl describe pod

CrashLoopBackOff 应用崩溃 kubectl logs --previous

ImagePullBackOff 镜像拉取失败 kubectl describe pod

OOMKilled 内存超限 检查 resources.limits

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