Sensor Data Aggregator
Overview
Collect, aggregate, and analyze data from IoT sensors deployed across construction sites. Support real-time monitoring of environmental conditions, equipment status, structural integrity, and worker safety through unified data processing.
IoT Sensor Architecture
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ SENSOR DATA AGGREGATION │ ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ │ │ SENSORS AGGREGATOR OUTPUTS │ │ ─────── ────────── ─────── │ │ │ │ 🌡️ Temperature ─────┐ 📊 Dashboard │ │ 💧 Humidity ─────┤ ┌──────────────┐ ⚠️ Alerts │ │ 📊 Vibration ─────┼───→│ AGGREGATE │───→ 📈 Analytics │ │ 🔊 Noise ─────┤ │ PROCESS │ 📋 Reports │ │ 💨 Air Quality ─────┤ │ ANALYZE │ 🔄 API │ │ 📍 Location ─────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ │ │ DATA FLOW: │ │ Raw → Validate → Transform → Store → Analyze → Alert │ │ │ │ ANALYSIS: │ │ • Real-time monitoring │ │ • Trend detection │ │ • Anomaly identification │ │ • Threshold alerting │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Technical Implementation
from dataclasses import dataclass, field from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Callable, Tuple from datetime import datetime, timedelta from enum import Enum import statistics import json
class SensorType(Enum): TEMPERATURE = "temperature" HUMIDITY = "humidity" VIBRATION = "vibration" NOISE = "noise" AIR_QUALITY = "air_quality" DUST = "dust" GAS = "gas" PRESSURE = "pressure" STRAIN = "strain" TILT = "tilt" GPS = "gps" PROXIMITY = "proximity"
class AlertSeverity(Enum): INFO = "info" WARNING = "warning" CRITICAL = "critical" EMERGENCY = "emergency"
class DataQuality(Enum): GOOD = "good" SUSPECT = "suspect" BAD = "bad" MISSING = "missing"
@dataclass class SensorReading: sensor_id: str sensor_type: SensorType timestamp: datetime value: float unit: str quality: DataQuality = DataQuality.GOOD location: Optional[Dict] = None metadata: Dict = field(default_factory=dict)
@dataclass class Sensor: id: str name: str sensor_type: SensorType unit: str location: Dict # {zone, floor, coordinates} thresholds: Dict # {warning, critical, min, max} calibration_date: datetime battery_level: float = 100.0 status: str = "active"
@dataclass class Alert: id: str sensor_id: str sensor_type: SensorType severity: AlertSeverity timestamp: datetime value: float threshold: float message: str acknowledged: bool = False resolved: bool = False
@dataclass class AggregatedMetric: sensor_type: SensorType period_start: datetime period_end: datetime readings_count: int min_value: float max_value: float avg_value: float std_dev: float alerts_triggered: int
class SensorDataAggregator: """Aggregate and analyze IoT sensor data."""
# Default thresholds by sensor type
DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS = {
SensorType.TEMPERATURE: {"warning": 35, "critical": 40, "unit": "°C"},
SensorType.HUMIDITY: {"warning": 80, "critical": 90, "unit": "%"},
SensorType.VIBRATION: {"warning": 10, "critical": 25, "unit": "mm/s"},
SensorType.NOISE: {"warning": 85, "critical": 100, "unit": "dB"},
SensorType.AIR_QUALITY: {"warning": 100, "critical": 150, "unit": "AQI"},
SensorType.DUST: {"warning": 3, "critical": 10, "unit": "mg/m³"},
SensorType.GAS: {"warning": 20, "critical": 50, "unit": "ppm"},
}
def __init__(self, site_name: str):
self.site_name = site_name
self.sensors: Dict[str, Sensor] = {}
self.readings: List[SensorReading] = []
self.alerts: List[Alert] = []
self.alert_handlers: List[Callable] = []
def register_sensor(self, id: str, name: str, sensor_type: SensorType,
unit: str, location: Dict,
thresholds: Dict = None) -> Sensor:
"""Register a new sensor."""
if thresholds is None:
thresholds = self.DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS.get(sensor_type, {})
sensor = Sensor(
id=id,
name=name,
sensor_type=sensor_type,
unit=unit,
location=location,
thresholds=thresholds,
calibration_date=datetime.now()
)
self.sensors[id] = sensor
return sensor
def ingest_reading(self, sensor_id: str, value: float,
timestamp: datetime = None,
metadata: Dict = None) -> SensorReading:
"""Ingest a sensor reading."""
if sensor_id not in self.sensors:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown sensor: {sensor_id}")
sensor = self.sensors[sensor_id]
# Validate data quality
quality = self._validate_reading(sensor, value)
reading = SensorReading(
sensor_id=sensor_id,
sensor_type=sensor.sensor_type,
timestamp=timestamp or datetime.now(),
value=value,
unit=sensor.unit,
quality=quality,
location=sensor.location,
metadata=metadata or {}
)
self.readings.append(reading)
# Check thresholds
if quality == DataQuality.GOOD:
self._check_thresholds(sensor, reading)
return reading
def ingest_batch(self, readings: List[Dict]) -> int:
"""Ingest multiple readings at once."""
count = 0
for r in readings:
try:
self.ingest_reading(
sensor_id=r['sensor_id'],
value=r['value'],
timestamp=r.get('timestamp', datetime.now()),
metadata=r.get('metadata')
)
count += 1
except Exception:
pass # Log error but continue
return count
def _validate_reading(self, sensor: Sensor, value: float) -> DataQuality:
"""Validate reading quality."""
thresholds = sensor.thresholds
# Check if value is within physical limits
if 'min' in thresholds and value < thresholds['min']:
return DataQuality.SUSPECT
if 'max' in thresholds and value > thresholds['max']:
return DataQuality.SUSPECT
# Check for sudden spikes (compare with recent readings)
recent = self.get_recent_readings(sensor.id, minutes=5)
if len(recent) >= 3:
avg = statistics.mean([r.value for r in recent])
if abs(value - avg) > avg * 0.5: # 50% deviation
return DataQuality.SUSPECT
return DataQuality.GOOD
def _check_thresholds(self, sensor: Sensor, reading: SensorReading):
"""Check if reading exceeds thresholds."""
thresholds = sensor.thresholds
if 'critical' in thresholds and reading.value >= thresholds['critical']:
self._create_alert(sensor, reading, AlertSeverity.CRITICAL)
elif 'warning' in thresholds and reading.value >= thresholds['warning']:
self._create_alert(sensor, reading, AlertSeverity.WARNING)
def _create_alert(self, sensor: Sensor, reading: SensorReading,
severity: AlertSeverity):
"""Create and dispatch alert."""
threshold = sensor.thresholds.get(severity.value, 0)
alert = Alert(
id=f"ALERT-{len(self.alerts)+1:06d}",
sensor_id=sensor.id,
sensor_type=sensor.sensor_type,
severity=severity,
timestamp=reading.timestamp,
value=reading.value,
threshold=threshold,
message=f"{sensor.name}: {reading.value} {reading.unit} exceeds {severity.value} threshold ({threshold})"
)
self.alerts.append(alert)
# Dispatch to handlers
for handler in self.alert_handlers:
try:
handler(alert)
except Exception:
pass
def register_alert_handler(self, handler: Callable):
"""Register alert callback handler."""
self.alert_handlers.append(handler)
def get_recent_readings(self, sensor_id: str,
minutes: int = 60) -> List[SensorReading]:
"""Get recent readings for sensor."""
cutoff = datetime.now() - timedelta(minutes=minutes)
return [r for r in self.readings
if r.sensor_id == sensor_id and r.timestamp > cutoff]
def get_readings_by_type(self, sensor_type: SensorType,
start: datetime = None,
end: datetime = None) -> List[SensorReading]:
"""Get readings by sensor type."""
readings = [r for r in self.readings if r.sensor_type == sensor_type]
if start:
readings = [r for r in readings if r.timestamp >= start]
if end:
readings = [r for r in readings if r.timestamp <= end]
return readings
def aggregate_by_period(self, sensor_type: SensorType,
period_minutes: int = 60) -> List[AggregatedMetric]:
"""Aggregate readings into time periods."""
readings = self.get_readings_by_type(sensor_type)
if not readings:
return []
# Group by period
periods: Dict[datetime, List[SensorReading]] = {}
for r in readings:
# Round to period start
period_start = r.timestamp.replace(
minute=(r.timestamp.minute // period_minutes) * period_minutes,
second=0,
microsecond=0
)
if period_start not in periods:
periods[period_start] = []
periods[period_start].append(r)
# Calculate aggregates
aggregates = []
for period_start, period_readings in sorted(periods.items()):
values = [r.value for r in period_readings]
# Count alerts in period
period_end = period_start + timedelta(minutes=period_minutes)
period_alerts = len([a for a in self.alerts
if a.sensor_type == sensor_type
and period_start <= a.timestamp < period_end])
aggregates.append(AggregatedMetric(
sensor_type=sensor_type,
period_start=period_start,
period_end=period_end,
readings_count=len(values),
min_value=min(values),
max_value=max(values),
avg_value=statistics.mean(values),
std_dev=statistics.stdev(values) if len(values) > 1 else 0,
alerts_triggered=period_alerts
))
return aggregates
def detect_anomalies(self, sensor_id: str,
lookback_hours: int = 24) -> List[Dict]:
"""Detect anomalies in sensor data."""
cutoff = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=lookback_hours)
readings = [r for r in self.readings
if r.sensor_id == sensor_id and r.timestamp > cutoff]
if len(readings) < 10:
return []
values = [r.value for r in readings]
avg = statistics.mean(values)
std = statistics.stdev(values)
anomalies = []
for r in readings:
# Z-score based anomaly detection
if std > 0:
z_score = abs(r.value - avg) / std
if z_score > 3: # 3 standard deviations
anomalies.append({
"timestamp": r.timestamp,
"value": r.value,
"expected": avg,
"z_score": z_score,
"type": "statistical_outlier"
})
return anomalies
def get_sensor_health(self) -> List[Dict]:
"""Get health status of all sensors."""
health = []
now = datetime.now()
for sensor in self.sensors.values():
recent = self.get_recent_readings(sensor.id, minutes=30)
# Determine status
if not recent:
status = "offline"
elif sensor.battery_level < 20:
status = "low_battery"
elif any(r.quality != DataQuality.GOOD for r in recent[-5:]):
status = "degraded"
else:
status = "healthy"
health.append({
"sensor_id": sensor.id,
"sensor_name": sensor.name,
"type": sensor.sensor_type.value,
"status": status,
"battery": sensor.battery_level,
"last_reading": recent[-1].timestamp if recent else None,
"readings_30min": len(recent)
})
return sorted(health, key=lambda x: x['status'] != 'healthy', reverse=True)
def get_zone_summary(self, zone: str) -> Dict:
"""Get summary for specific zone."""
zone_sensors = [s for s in self.sensors.values()
if s.location.get('zone') == zone]
if not zone_sensors:
return {"zone": zone, "error": "No sensors in zone"}
summary = {
"zone": zone,
"sensor_count": len(zone_sensors),
"by_type": {}
}
for sensor in zone_sensors:
recent = self.get_recent_readings(sensor.id, minutes=15)
if not recent:
continue
values = [r.value for r in recent]
sensor_type = sensor.sensor_type.value
if sensor_type not in summary["by_type"]:
summary["by_type"][sensor_type] = {
"current": values[-1] if values else None,
"avg": statistics.mean(values) if values else None,
"unit": sensor.unit,
"status": "normal"
}
# Check status
thresholds = sensor.thresholds
current = values[-1]
if 'critical' in thresholds and current >= thresholds['critical']:
summary["by_type"][sensor_type]["status"] = "critical"
elif 'warning' in thresholds and current >= thresholds['warning']:
summary["by_type"][sensor_type]["status"] = "warning"
return summary
def generate_report(self) -> str:
"""Generate sensor data report."""
lines = [
"# Sensor Data Report",
"",
f"**Site:** {self.site_name}",
f"**Report Date:** {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')}",
"",
"## Sensor Inventory",
"",
f"| Sensor | Type | Location | Status |",
f"|--------|------|----------|--------|"
]
health = self.get_sensor_health()
for h in health:
status_icon = "✅" if h['status'] == 'healthy' else "⚠️" if h['status'] == 'degraded' else "🔴"
lines.append(
f"| {h['sensor_name']} | {h['type']} | - | {status_icon} {h['status']} |"
)
# Recent alerts
recent_alerts = [a for a in self.alerts
if a.timestamp > datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=24)]
if recent_alerts:
lines.extend([
"",
f"## Alerts (Last 24h) - {len(recent_alerts)} total",
"",
"| Time | Sensor | Severity | Value | Threshold |",
"|------|--------|----------|-------|-----------|"
])
for alert in sorted(recent_alerts, key=lambda x: x.timestamp, reverse=True)[:20]:
sev_icon = "🔴" if alert.severity == AlertSeverity.CRITICAL else "🟡"
lines.append(
f"| {alert.timestamp.strftime('%H:%M')} | {alert.sensor_id} | "
f"{sev_icon} {alert.severity.value} | {alert.value:.1f} | {alert.threshold} |"
)
# Current readings by type
lines.extend([
"",
"## Current Readings by Type",
""
])
for sensor_type in SensorType:
readings = self.get_readings_by_type(sensor_type)
if not readings:
continue
recent = [r for r in readings
if r.timestamp > datetime.now() - timedelta(minutes=15)]
if not recent:
continue
values = [r.value for r in recent]
lines.append(
f"**{sensor_type.value}**: "
f"Avg={statistics.mean(values):.1f}, "
f"Min={min(values):.1f}, "
f"Max={max(values):.1f}"
)
return "\n".join(lines)
Quick Start
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
Initialize aggregator
aggregator = SensorDataAggregator("Construction Site A")
Register sensors
aggregator.register_sensor( "TEMP-001", "Zone A Temperature", SensorType.TEMPERATURE, "°C", location={"zone": "A", "floor": 1, "x": 10, "y": 20}, thresholds={"warning": 32, "critical": 38, "min": -10, "max": 50} )
aggregator.register_sensor( "VIB-001", "Foundation Vibration", SensorType.VIBRATION, "mm/s", location={"zone": "Foundation", "floor": 0} )
aggregator.register_sensor( "DUST-001", "Dust Monitor", SensorType.DUST, "mg/m³", location={"zone": "A", "floor": 1} )
Register alert handler
def handle_alert(alert): print(f"ALERT: {alert.severity.value} - {alert.message}")
aggregator.register_alert_handler(handle_alert)
Ingest readings
aggregator.ingest_reading("TEMP-001", 28.5) aggregator.ingest_reading("TEMP-001", 33.0) # Warning! aggregator.ingest_reading("VIB-001", 5.2) aggregator.ingest_reading("DUST-001", 2.1)
Batch ingest
readings = [ {"sensor_id": "TEMP-001", "value": 29.0}, {"sensor_id": "VIB-001", "value": 4.8}, {"sensor_id": "DUST-001", "value": 2.5} ] aggregator.ingest_batch(readings)
Check sensor health
health = aggregator.get_sensor_health() for h in health: print(f"{h['sensor_name']}: {h['status']}")
Get zone summary
summary = aggregator.get_zone_summary("A") print(f"Zone A: {summary}")
Detect anomalies
anomalies = aggregator.detect_anomalies("TEMP-001") print(f"Anomalies found: {len(anomalies)}")
Generate report
print(aggregator.generate_report())
Requirements
pip install (no external dependencies)