Responsive & Adaptive Timing

Responsive timing adapts duration to context: device capability, travel distance, user preferences, and interaction type. One duration doesn't fit all situations.

Disney Principles for Adaptive Motion

Context-Aware Application

Squash & Stretch: Scale with device - more subtle on mobile (less screen real estate for deformation).

Anticipation: Shorter on touch devices - touch users expect faster response than mouse users.

Staging: Adapt to viewport - smaller screens need more focused staging, less simultaneous motion.

Straight Ahead/Pose to Pose: Same approach, scaled duration - poses stay, timing adjusts.

Follow Through: Proportional to distance - longer travel = more follow-through time.

Slow In/Slow Out: Adjust curve intensity - faster animations need sharper easing.

Arcs: Same paths, different speeds - arc shape remains, traversal time changes.

Secondary Action: Reduce on mobile - fewer simultaneous animations for performance.

Timing: THE adaptive variable - timing changes, principles stay.

Exaggeration: Less on smaller screens - proportional to viewport/element size.

Solid Drawing: Performance-aware - reduce 3D transforms on weaker devices.

Appeal: Context-appropriate - what feels right on desktop may feel slow on mobile.

Adaptive Strategies

Distance-Based Duration

/* Base duration for reference distance */ --base-duration: 300ms; --base-distance: 100px;

/* Duration scales with distance / / 50px travel = 200ms, 200px travel = 450ms */

function getDuration(distance) { const baseDuration = 300; const baseDistance = 100; return Math.min(600, baseDuration * Math.sqrt(distance / baseDistance)); }

Device-Based Duration

/* Desktop - full duration */ .transition { transition-duration: 400ms; }

/* Tablet - slightly faster */ @media (max-width: 1024px) { .transition { transition-duration: 350ms; } }

/* Mobile - faster for perceived responsiveness */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .transition { transition-duration: 250ms; } }

Preference-Based Duration

/* Respect reduced motion preference */ @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .transition { transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; } }

/* Reduce motion, don't eliminate / @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .transition { transition-duration: 100ms; transform: none; / Only opacity fades */ } }

Context Rules

Context Duration Adjustment

Touch device -25% from desktop

Small viewport -20% from desktop

Large travel distance +50% base

Small travel distance -30% base

User prefers reduced Instant or minimal

Low power mode -50% or disabled

High-frequency action Use minimum duration

First-time view Full duration

Repeat interaction Reduced duration

Implementation Pattern

:root { --duration-instant: 50ms; --duration-fast: 150ms; --duration-normal: 300ms; --duration-slow: 500ms; }

@media (max-width: 768px) { :root { --duration-fast: 100ms; --duration-normal: 200ms; --duration-slow: 350ms; } }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { :root { --duration-instant: 0ms; --duration-fast: 0ms; --duration-normal: 100ms; --duration-slow: 150ms; } }

Key Insight

Great animation adapts like typography adapts - what works at one size/context may not work at another. Build systems, not fixed values. Test across contexts. Duration is a variable, not a constant.