database-migrations

Database Migration Patterns

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Install skill "database-migrations" with this command: npx skills add langchain-ai/skills-benchmarks/langchain-ai-skills-benchmarks-database-migrations

Database Migration Patterns

Manage database schema changes safely and reliably.

Migration File Structure

migrations/ 001_create_users.sql 002_add_email_index.sql 003_create_orders.sql

Writing Safe Migrations

Adding Columns

-- migrations/004_add_user_status.sql -- Up ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'active'; CREATE INDEX idx_users_status ON users(status);

-- Down DROP INDEX idx_users_status; ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN status;

Creating Tables

-- migrations/005_create_audit_log.sql -- Up CREATE TABLE audit_log ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, table_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, record_id INTEGER NOT NULL, action VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, changed_by INTEGER REFERENCES users(id), changed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(), old_values JSONB, new_values JSONB );

CREATE INDEX idx_audit_log_table ON audit_log(table_name, record_id); CREATE INDEX idx_audit_log_time ON audit_log(changed_at);

-- Down DROP TABLE audit_log;

Best Practices

  • Always include rollback (down) migrations

  • Never modify existing migrations - create new ones

  • Test migrations on a copy of production data

  • Use transactions for atomic changes

  • Add indexes concurrently in production: CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY

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