Test Namer

Write tests that describe behavior in plain English, not implementation details. Based on Vladimir Khorikov's testing principles.

Naming Guidelines

Rules

1. No rigid naming policy — never use [MethodUnderTest]_[Scenario]_[ExpectedResult] or similar templates
2. Describe behavior to a non-programmer familiar with the problem domain — a domain expert should understand the test name
3. Separate words with underscores in function/method names (not needed in string-based test names like JS/TS)
4. Do not include the SUT's method name in the test name — test behavior, not a method
5. Use plain facts, not wishes — write is_invalid, not should_be_invalid
6. Use basic English grammar — articles (a, the) improve readability
7. Be specific — Delivery_with_a_past_date_is_invalid beats Delivery_with_invalid_date_is_invalid

Naming Progression Example

Starting from a rigid convention — progressively improve:

IsDeliveryValid_InvalidDate_ReturnsFalse     -- rigid, cryptic
Delivery_with_invalid_date_should_be_invalid  -- plain English (good start)
Delivery_with_past_date_should_be_invalid     -- more specific
Delivery_with_past_date_is_invalid            -- fact, not wish
Delivery_with_a_past_date_is_invalid          -- natural grammar (final)

Exception: Utility Code

For utility/helper code without business logic, referencing the method name is acceptable since the behavior doesn't mean anything to business people:

Sum_of_two_numbers
Trimmed_string_has_no_leading_whitespace

Language-Specific Adaptations

Go

Test functions MUST start with Test (language requirement). Append the descriptive name:

func TestDelivery_with_a_past_date_is_invalid(t *testing.T) { ... }

Subtests via t.Run have full naming freedom:

func TestDelivery(t *testing.T) {
    t.Run("with a past date is invalid", func(t *testing.T) { ... })
    t.Run("with a future date is valid", func(t *testing.T) { ... })
}

Table-driven tests — use descriptive name fields, not method signatures:

tests := []struct {
    name string
    // ...
}{
    {"delivery with a past date is invalid", ...},
    {"delivery for tomorrow is valid", ...},
}

Python (pytest)

Functions must start with test_. Append the descriptive name in snake_case:

def test_delivery_with_a_past_date_is_invalid():
    ...

def test_new_customer_starts_in_pending_state():
    ...

Java / Kotlin (JUnit)

@Test annotation handles discovery. Method names are fully descriptive:

@Test
void Delivery_with_a_past_date_is_invalid() { ... }

@Test
void New_customer_starts_in_pending_state() { ... }

Kotlin supports backtick-quoted names for natural language:

@Test
fun `delivery with a past date is invalid`() { ... }

JavaScript / TypeScript (Jest, Vitest, Mocha)

String-based names — use natural language directly, no underscores needed:

it("delivery with a past date is invalid", () => { ... });

test("new customer starts in pending state", () => { ... });

describe("delivery validation", () => {
    it("rejects past dates", () => { ... });
    it("accepts future dates", () => { ... });
});

C# / .NET

[Fact] or [Test] attribute. Full freedom with underscores:

[Fact]
public void Delivery_with_a_past_date_is_invalid() { ... }

Rust

#[test] attribute. Standard snake_case identifiers:

#[test]
fn delivery_with_a_past_date_is_invalid() { ... }

Test Class / File Naming

Use [ClassName]Tests or [feature]_test as an entry point, not a boundary. The unit in unit testing is a unit of behavior, not a class — it can span multiple classes.

What to Test — Behavior, Not Implementation

• Test observable behavior: outputs, state changes, side effects visible to clients
• Never test implementation details: internal collaborations, private methods, exact SQL queries, specific method call sequences
• Renaming an internal method should never break a test
• If a test fails during a legit refactoring, the test is coupled to implementation

Testing Styles (in order of preference)

1. Output-based — feed input, verify output. Best false-positive resistance. Use for pure functions and domain logic.
2. State-based — perform operation, verify resulting state via public API. Good when output verification isn't possible.
3. Communication-based (mocks) — verify interactions with dependencies. Use ONLY for uncontrolled external dependencies (SMTP, message bus, third-party APIs). Never mock domain objects or stable dependencies.

For deeper guidance on testing styles, value proposition, and pragmatic testing strategies, see testing-philosophy.md.

For common anti-patterns to avoid, see anti-patterns.md.