WebXR Development Guide

Build immersive, performant AR/VR/XR applications with spatial interfaces, multi-input support, and cross-device compatibility using WebXR, A-Frame, Three.js, and Babylon.js.

Session Lifecycle

navigator.xr.requestSession('immersive-vr') -> session.requestReferenceSpace('local-floor') -> session.requestAnimationFrame(onXRFrame) -> session.end() // cleanup on onend event

Always handle onend for cleanup. Follow WebXR spec for immersive-vr and immersive-ar session types.

Cross-Device Compatibility

Device Session Type Primary Input Notes

Meta Quest 2/3/Pro immersive-vr

Controllers + hand tracking Test both input modes

Apple Vision Pro immersive-vr

Hand tracking + eye tracking Hand tracking primary

HoloLens 2 immersive-ar

Hand tracking + gaze AR session type

Mobile AR immersive-ar

Touch + device motion Fallback to inline if needed

Handle capability differences via feature detection (not user-agent sniffing). Adapt interaction models per device.

Performance

Frame Budget

• Target 72fps on Quest 3, 90fps on Quest Pro.

• Keep frame budget under 11ms for 90fps targets.

• Optimize rendering: occlusion culling, LOD, shader tuning, draw call batching.

• Handle graceful fallback for non-XR browsers with progressive enhancement.

Optimization Checklist

• Profile GPU and CPU on-device (not just desktop).

• Reduce draw calls via instancing and mesh merging.

• Implement LOD (level of detail) for distant objects.

• Use texture atlases to reduce material switches.

• Test with WebXR emulators and real devices (at least 2 runtimes before shipping).

Code Examples

See WebXR with Three.js Guide for full session setup, controller models, hand tracking pinch detection, controller input handling, and the input fallback chain.

See Spatial UI with A-Frame Guide for the spatial-panel component, follow-camera HUD component, and spatial UX guidelines.

Workflow

• Define scope: Target devices, interaction model, session type (VR/AR/inline).

• Scaffold: Set up renderer, XR session management, input handling.

• Build interactions: Implement spatial UI, input methods, physics/raycasting.

• Optimize: Profile GPU/CPU, reduce draw calls, implement LOD, test on-device.

• Ship: Test across target devices, implement fallbacks, document known limitations.

Scripts

scripts/scaffold_webxr.sh

Create a minimal WebXR project structure with Three.js and a working VR hello-world that renders a rotating cube. Generates index.html (with Three.js CDN + WebXR boilerplate), main.js (XR session setup + render loop), styles.css, and package.json (with a dev server).

scripts/scaffold_webxr.sh --name my-vr-app scripts/scaffold_webxr.sh --name vr-demo

scripts/check_webxr_compat.py

Check JavaScript/HTML files for common WebXR compatibility issues: deprecated WebVR APIs (navigator.getVRDisplays), missing feature detection, missing session support checks, and vendor-prefixed extensions. Outputs a structured markdown compatibility report with line numbers and suggestions.

scripts/check_webxr_compat.py main.js scripts/check_webxr_compat.py src/ scripts/check_webxr_compat.py --output report.md src/xr-scene.js

Key Specifications

• WebXR Device API

• WebXR Hand Input

• A-Frame

• Three.js WebXR