断言助手技能

这个技能负责分析函数逻辑并生成合适的断言，确保测试能够准确验证代码的行为。

技能能力

逻辑分析

分析函数的返回值类型和结构
识别可能的输出范围
检测副作用（如状态修改、事件触发）
分析异常和错误情况

断言生成

生成精确的类型断言
创建边界值验证
生成深度对象比较
添加函数调用验证

验证策略

精确匹配 vs 模糊匹配
部分对象匹配
数组包含和顺序验证
异常断言

使用方式

基础断言生成

// 为函数生成断言 await generateAssertions('calculateTotal', { inputs: [{ items: [{ price: 10, qty: 2 }] }], framework: 'vitest' });

// 生成类方法的断言 await generateAssertions('UserService.createUser', { context: 'class', framework: 'vitest' });

高级选项

await generateAssertions(target, { framework: 'pytest', assertionStyle: 'strict', // 'strict' | 'loose' | 'custom' includeSideEffects: true, verifyMocks: true, customAssertions: { 'shouldBeValidUser': 'expect(user).toMatchObject({ id: expect.any(Number), name: expect.any(String) })' } });

断言模板

Jest断言模板

// 基础类型断言 {{#if returns}} {{#eq returns.type 'string'}} expect(result).toBeString(); expect(result).toHaveLength({{#if returns.length}}{{returns.length}}{{else}}greaterThan(0){{/if}}); {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'number'}} expect(result).toBeNumber(); expect(result).{{#if returns.range}}toBeGreaterThanOrEqual({{returns.range.min}}); expect(result).toBeLessThanOrEqual({{returns.range.max}});{{/if}} {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'boolean'}} expect(result).toBeBoolean(); {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'array'}} expect(result).toBeArray(); expect(result).toHaveLength({{#if returns.length}}{{returns.length}}{{else}}greaterThan(0){{/if}}); {{#if returns.items}} expect(result[0]).toMatchObject({{{json returns.items}}}); {{/if}} {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'object'}} expect(result).toBeObject(); {{#if returns.properties}} expect(result).toMatchObject({ {{#each returns.properties}} {{@key}}: {{#if this.type}}expect.any({{camelCase this.type}}){{else}}{{{json this}}}{{/if}}, {{/each}} }); {{/if}} {{/eq}} {{/if}}

// 异步断言 {{#if isAsync}} await expect(asyncFunction()).resolves.toBe(expectedValue); await expect(asyncFunction()).resolves.not.toThrow();

// 错误断言 await expect(asyncFunction()).rejects.toThrow('Expected error message'); {{/if}}

// Mock验证断言 {{#each mocks}} {{#if this.shouldBeCalled}} expect({{name}}).toHaveBeenCalled(); expect({{name}}).toHaveBeenCalledTimes({{this.callCount}}); {{#if this.withParams}} expect({{name}}).toHaveBeenCalledWith({{#each this.withParams}}{{this}}{{#unless @last}}, {{/unless}}{{/each}}); {{/if}} {{else}} expect({{name}}).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); {{/if}} {{/each}}

// 副作用验证 {{#if sideEffects}} {{#each sideEffects}} {{#eq this.type 'console'}} // Console输出验证 expect(console.{{this.method}}).toHaveBeenCalledWith({{{json this.args}}}); {{/eq}}

{{#eq this.type 'event'}} // 事件触发验证 expect(eventEmitter.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith('{{this.eventName}}', {{#if this.payload}}{{{json this.payload}}}{{else}}expect.any(Object){{/if}}); {{/eq}}

{{#eq this.type 'state'}} // 状态变化验证 expect(component.state.{{this.property}}).toBe({{{json this.value}}}); {{/eq}} {{/each}} {{/if}}

Vitest断言模板

import { expect } from 'vitest';

// 类型断言 {{#if returns}} expect(result).toBeDefined(); {{#eq returns.type 'string'}} expect(typeof result).toBe('string'); {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'number'}} expect(typeof result).toBe('number'); {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'object'}} expect(typeof result).toBe('object'); expect(result).not.toBeNull(); {{/eq}} {{/if}}

// 精确匹配 expect(result).toEqual(expectedValue);

// 部分匹配 expect(result).toMatchObject(partialExpected);

// 数组断言 expect(result).toContain(expectedItem); expect(result).toHaveLength(expectedLength);

// 异常断言 expect(() => functionThatThrows()).toThrow(); expect(() => functionThatThrows()).toThrowError('Error message');

Python断言模板

基础断言

assert result is not None {{#eq returns.type 'string'}} assert isinstance(result, str) assert len(result) > 0 {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'number'}} assert isinstance(result, (int, float)) assert result >= {{#if returns.min}}{{returns.min}}{{else}}0{{/if}} {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'list'}} assert isinstance(result, list) assert len(result) > 0 {{#if returns.items}} assert result[0] == {{returns.items}} {{/if}} {{/eq}}

{{#eq returns.type 'dict'}} assert isinstance(result, dict) {{#if returns.keys}} for key in {{json returns.keys}}: assert key in result {{/if}} {{/eq}}

异常断言

with pytest.raises({{errorType}}, match="{{errorMessage}}"): function_that_raises()

Mock验证

{{#each mocks}} {{#if this.shouldBeCalled}} assert {{name}}.called assert {{name}}.call_count == {{this.callCount}} {{#if this.withArgs}} {{name}}.assert_called_with({{#each this.withArgs}}{{this}}{{#unless @last}}, {{/unless}}{{/each}}) {{/if}} {{else}} assert not {{name}}.called {{/if}} {{/each}}

断言生成策略

基于返回值的断言

class AssertionGenerator { static generateForReturn(returnType: TypeInfo, value?: any): string[] { const assertions: string[] = [];

// 类型断言
switch (returnType.type) {
  case 'string':
    assertions.push('expect(typeof result).toBe("string")');
    if (value) {
      assertions.push(`expect(result).toBe("${value}")`);
    }
    break;

  case 'number':
    assertions.push('expect(typeof result).toBe("number")');
    if (returnType.constraints?.min !== undefined) {
      assertions.push(`expect(result).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(${returnType.constraints.min})`);
    }
    if (returnType.constraints?.max !== undefined) {
      assertions.push(`expect(result).toBeLessThanOrEqual(${returnType.constraints.max})`);
    }
    break;

  case 'boolean':
    assertions.push('expect(typeof result).toBe("boolean")');
    break;

  case 'array':
    assertions.push('expect(Array.isArray(result)).toBe(true)');
    if (value?.length) {
      assertions.push(`expect(result).toHaveLength(${value.length})`);
    }
    break;

  case 'object':
    assertions.push('expect(typeof result).toBe("object")');
    assertions.push('expect(result).not.toBeNull()');
    if (value) {
      assertions.push(`expect(result).toMatchObject(${JSON.stringify(value)})`);
    }
    break;
}

return assertions;

}

static generateBoundaryTests( functionName: string, params: ParameterInfo[] ): string[] { const tests: string[] = [];

params.forEach(param => {
  if (param.constraints?.min !== undefined) {
    tests.push(`

it('should handle minimum value for ${param.name}', () => { const result = ${functionName}(${param.constraints.min}); expect(result).toBeDefined(); }); `); }

  if (param.constraints?.max !== undefined) {
    tests.push(`

it('should handle maximum value for ${param.name}', () => { const result = ${functionName}(${param.constraints.max}); expect(result).toBeDefined(); }); `); } });

return tests;

} }

错误处理断言

// 错误场景断言生成 function generateErrorAssertions(functionInfo) { const assertions = [];

// 可能的错误条件 if (functionInfo.params.some(p => p.required)) { assertions.push(it('should throw error when required parameter is missing', () => { expect(() => ${functionInfo.name}()).toThrow(); expect(() => ${functionInfo.name}(null)).toThrow(); }); ); }

if (functionInfo.params.some(p => p.type === 'number')) { assertions.push(it('should handle invalid number inputs', () => { expect(() => ${functionInfo.name}(NaN)).toThrow(); expect(() => ${functionInfo.name}(Infinity)).toThrow(); }); ); }

return assertions; }

异步操作断言

// 异步函数断言生成 function generateAsyncAssertions(functionInfo) { return ` describe('async behavior', () => { it('should resolve with expected value', async () => { const result = await ${functionInfo.name}(${generateValidParams(functionInfo)}); expect(result).toBeDefined(); ${generateReturnAssertions(functionInfo.returnType)} });

it('should handle rejection', async () => { // 测试拒绝情况 await expect(${functionInfo.name}(${generateErrorParams()})) .rejects.toThrow(); });

it('should handle timeout', async () => { // 如果有超时配置 await expect(${functionInfo.name}(${generateSlowParams()})) .rejects.toThrow('timeout'); }); }); `; }

复杂场景处理

深度对象比较

// 深度匹配断言 function generateDeepObjectAssertions(obj: any, path: string = ''): string[] { const assertions: string[] = [];

for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) { const currentPath = path ? ${path}.${key} : key;

if (typeof value === 'object' &#x26;&#x26; value !== null) {
  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
    assertions.push(`

expect(result.${currentPath}).toBeArray(); expect(result.${currentPath}).toHaveLength(${value.length}); ); } else { assertions.push( expect(result.${currentPath}).toBeObject(); ); // 递归处理嵌套对象 assertions.push(...generateDeepObjectAssertions(value, currentPath)); } } else { assertions.push( expect(result.${currentPath}).toBe(${JSON.stringify(value)}); `); } }

return assertions; }

函数调用验证

// Mock函数调用断言 function generateMockAssertions(mocks: MockInfo[]): string[] { return mocks.map(mock => { const assertions: string[] = [];

if (mock.expectCall) {
  assertions.push(`expect(${mock.name}).toHaveBeenCalled();`);

  if (mock.expectedCallCount) {
    assertions.push(
      `expect(${mock.name}).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(${mock.expectedCallCount});`
    );
  }

  if (mock.expectedArgs) {
    assertions.push(
      `expect(${mock.name}).toHaveBeenCalledWith(${mock.expectedArgs.join(', ')});`
    );
  }

  if (mock.expectedCalls) {
    mock.expectedCalls.forEach((call, index) => {
      assertions.push(
        `expect(${mock.name}).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(${index + 1}, ${call.join(', ')});`
      );
    });
  }
} else {
  assertions.push(`expect(${mock.name}).not.toHaveBeenCalled();`);
}

return assertions.join('\n');

}); }

副作用验证

// 副作用断言生成 function generateSideEffectAssertions(sideEffects: SideEffect[]): string[] { return sideEffects.map(effect => { switch (effect.type) { case 'console': return expect(console.${effect.method}).toHaveBeenCalledWith(${JSON.stringify(effect.args)});;

  case 'state':
    return `expect(${effect.target}).toBe(${JSON.stringify(effect.value)});`;

  case 'event':
    return `expect(${effect.emitter}.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith('${effect.event}', ${JSON.stringify(effect.payload)});`;

  case 'storage':
    return `expect(localStorage.getItem('${effect.key}')).toBe('${effect.value}');`;

  default:
    return '';
}

}).filter(Boolean); }

最佳实践

断言选择原则

使用最具体的断言
避免过度脆弱的断言
关注行为而非实现
一个测试一个关注点

断言可读性

使用有意义的变量名
添加描述性注释
组织相关断言
使用自定义匹配器

测试覆盖

覆盖正常路径
测试边界条件
验证错误处理
检查副作用

断言维护

保持断言独立
避免重复断言
使用辅助函数
定期更新断言

assertion-helper

Safety Notice

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基础断言

异常断言

Mock验证

Source Transparency

Related Skills

vue2-best-practices

performance-review

mock-generation

ui-design-a11y