Self-Improving Agent Skill

An advanced learning system that turns Claude Code sessions into reusable knowledge through atomic "instincts" - small learned behaviors with confidence scoring and project scope isolation.

v2.1 adds project-scoped instincts — React patterns stay in your React project, Python conventions stay in your Python project, and universal patterns are shared globally.

Quick Reference

Two Learning Modes

Mode 1: Instinct-Based (v2) - RECOMMENDED

Atomic, confidence-weighted behaviors with project isolation:

---
id: prefer-functional-style
trigger: "when writing new functions"
confidence: 0.7
domain: "code-style"
scope: project
project_id: "a1b2c3d4e5f6"
---

# Prefer Functional Style

## Action
Use functional patterns over classes when appropriate.

## Evidence
- Observed 5 instances of functional pattern preference
- User corrected class-based approach on 2025-01-15

Mode 2: Markdown-Based (v1) - LEGACY

Traditional learning entries for complex, narrative learnings:

## [LRN-YYYYMMDD-XXX] category
**Priority**: high | **Status**: pending | **Area**: backend

### Summary
Detailed description of what was learned

### Details
Full context and explanation

Use v2 (instincts) for behavioral patterns, v1 (markdown) for complex incident analysis.

Instinct-Based Learning (v2)

The Instinct Model

An instinct is a small, atomic learned behavior:

Properties:

• Atomic — one trigger, one action
• Confidence-weighted — 0.3 = tentative, 0.9 = near certain
• Domain-tagged — code-style, testing, git, debugging, workflow, security, etc.
• Evidence-backed — tracks what observations created it
• Scope-aware — project (default) or global

Confidence Scoring

Confidence increases when:

• Pattern is repeatedly observed
• User doesn't correct the suggested behavior
• Similar instincts from other sources agree

Confidence decreases when:

• User explicitly corrects the behavior
• Pattern isn't observed for extended periods
• Contradicting evidence appears

Scope Decision Guide

Project Detection

The system automatically detects your current project:

1. CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR env var (highest priority)
2. git remote get-url origin — hashed to create a portable project ID
3. git rev-parse --show-toplevel — fallback using repo path
4. Global fallback — if no project detected, instincts go to global scope

Each project gets a 12-character hash ID (e.g., a1b2c3d4e5f6).

v2 Commands

/instinct-status Example

Project: my-react-app (a1b2c3d4e5f6)
├─ prefer-functional-style.yaml (0.7) [project]
├─ use-react-hooks.yaml (0.9) [project]
└─ jest-testing-patterns.yaml (0.6) [project]

Global Instincts:
├─ always-validate-input.yaml (0.85) [global]
├─ grep-before-edit.yaml (0.6) [global]
└─ conventional-commits.yaml (0.75) [global]

/evolve Workflow

Clusters related instincts and generates:

• Skills — domain-specific workflows
• Commands — slash commands for common tasks
• Agents — specialized sub-agents

/evolve
# Analyzes instincts and suggests:
# - "Create skill: react-testing-workflow.md"
# - "Create command: /test-component"
# - "Promote prefer-functional-style to global (seen in 3 projects)"

/promote Workflow

Promote project-scoped instincts to global when proven across projects:

/promote prefer-explicit-errors
# Promotes the instinct from current project to global scope

Auto-promotion criteria:

• Same instinct ID in 2+ projects
• Average confidence >= 0.8

File Structure (v2)

~/.claude/homunculus/
├── identity.json           # Your profile, technical level
├── projects.json           # Registry: project hash → name/path/remote
├── observations.jsonl      # Global observations (fallback)
├── instincts/
│   ├── personal/           # Global auto-learned instincts
│   └── inherited/          # Global imported instincts
├── evolved/
│   ├── agents/             # Global generated agents
│   ├── skills/             # Global generated skills
│   └── commands/           # Global generated commands
└── projects/
    ├── a1b2c3d4e5f6/       # Project hash
    │   ├── observations.jsonl
    │   ├── observations.archive/
    │   ├── instincts/
    │   │   ├── personal/   # Project-specific auto-learned
    │   │   └── inherited/  # Project-specific imported
    │   └── evolved/
    │       ├── skills/
    │       ├── commands/
    │       └── agents/
    └── f6e5d4c3b2a1/       # Another project

Enabling Observation Hooks (v2)

Add to your ~/.claude/settings.json:

{
  "hooks": {
    "PreToolUse": [{
      "matcher": "*",
      "hooks": [{
        "type": "command",
        "command": "~/.claude/skills/self-improving-agent/hooks/observe.sh"
      }]
    }],
    "PostToolUse": [{
      "matcher": "*",
      "hooks": [{
        "type": "command",
        "command": "~/.claude/skills/self-improving-agent/hooks/observe.sh"
      }]
    }]
  }
}

Why hooks? Hooks fire 100% of the time, deterministically. Skills fire ~50-80% based on Claude's judgment.

OpenClaw is the primary platform for this skill. It uses workspace-based prompt injection with automatic skill loading.

Installation

Via ClawdHub (recommended):

clawdhub install self-improving-agent

Manual:

git clone https://github.com/peterskoett/self-improving-agent.git ~/.openclaw/skills/self-improving-agent

Remade for openclaw from original repo : https://github.com/pskoett/pskoett-ai-skills - https://github.com/pskoett/pskoett-ai-skills/tree/main/skills/self-improvement

Workspace Structure

OpenClaw injects these files into every session:

~/.openclaw/workspace/
├── AGENTS.md          # Multi-agent workflows, delegation patterns
├── SOUL.md            # Behavioral guidelines, personality, principles
├── TOOLS.md           # Tool capabilities, integration gotchas
├── MEMORY.md          # Long-term memory (main session only)
├── memory/            # Daily memory files
│   └── YYYY-MM-DD.md
└── .learnings/        # This skill's log files
    ├── LEARNINGS.md
    ├── ERRORS.md
    └── FEATURE_REQUESTS.md

Create Learning Files

mkdir -p ~/.openclaw/workspace/.learnings

Then create the log files (or copy from assets/):

• LEARNINGS.md — corrections, knowledge gaps, best practices
• ERRORS.md — command failures, exceptions
• FEATURE_REQUESTS.md — user-requested capabilities

Promotion Targets

When learnings prove broadly applicable, promote them to workspace files:

Inter-Session Communication

OpenClaw provides tools to share learnings across sessions:

• sessions_list — View active/recent sessions
• sessions_history — Read another session's transcript
• sessions_send — Send a learning to another session
• sessions_spawn — Spawn a sub-agent for background work

Optional: Enable Hook

For automatic reminders at session start:

# Copy hook to OpenClaw hooks directory
cp -r hooks/openclaw ~/.openclaw/hooks/self-improvement

# Enable it
openclaw hooks enable self-improvement

See references/openclaw-integration.md for complete details.

Generic Setup (Other Agents)

For Claude Code, Codex, Copilot, or other agents, create .learnings/ in your project:

mkdir -p .learnings

Copy templates from assets/ or create files with headers.

Add reference to agent files AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md, or .github/copilot-instructions.md to remind yourself to log learnings. (this is an alternative to hook-based reminders)

Self-Improvement Workflow

When errors or corrections occur:

1. Log to .learnings/ERRORS.md, LEARNINGS.md, or FEATURE_REQUESTS.md
2. Review and promote broadly applicable learnings to:
   • CLAUDE.md - project facts and conventions
   • AGENTS.md - workflows and automation
   • .github/copilot-instructions.md - Copilot context

Logging Formats

v2: Instinct Format (RECOMMENDED for behavioral patterns)

Create atomic instinct files in ~/.claude/homunculus/instincts/personal/ or project-scoped:

---
id: unique-instinct-id
trigger: "when to apply this instinct"
confidence: 0.7
domain: "code-style|testing|git|debugging|workflow|security|infra"
source: "session-observation|user-correction|pattern-detection"
scope: "project|global"
project_id: "a1b2c3d4e5f6"  # if scope: project
project_name: "my-project"
created_at: "2025-01-15T10:00:00Z"
updated_at: "2025-01-15T10:00:00Z"
evidence_count: 3
---

# Instinct Title

## Action
What to do when triggered.

## Rationale
Why this behavior is preferred.

## Examples

### Positive
```typescript
// Good example

Negative

// Bad example

Evidence

• Observed 3 instances of this pattern
• User corrected opposite approach on 2025-01-10

**File naming:** `~/.claude/homunculus/instincts/personal/{instinct-id}.yaml`

### v1: Markdown Format (for complex learnings)

#### Learning Entry

Append to `.learnings/LEARNINGS.md`:

```markdown
## [LRN-YYYYMMDD-XXX] category

**Logged**: ISO-8601 timestamp
**Priority**: low | medium | high | critical
**Status**: pending
**Area**: frontend | backend | infra | tests | docs | config

### Summary
One-line description of what was learned

### Details
Full context: what happened, what was wrong, what's correct

### Suggested Action
Specific fix or improvement to make

### Metadata
- Source: conversation | error | user_feedback | simplify-and-harden
- Related Files: path/to/file.ext
- Tags: tag1, tag2
- See Also: LRN-20250110-001
- Pattern-Key: simplify.dead_code | harden.input_validation

---

v2 vs v1 Comparison

Migration from v1 to v2

For existing v1 users: v2 is fully backward compatible:

• Existing global instincts still work
• Existing .learnings/*.md files still work
• Gradual migration: run both in parallel

Recommended approach:

1. Start using v2 instincts for new behavioral patterns
2. Keep v1 markdown for complex incident analysis
3. Use /evolve to convert related v1 learnings into v2 instincts
4. Promote high-confidence instincts to skills

Error Entry

Append to .learnings/ERRORS.md:

## [ERR-YYYYMMDD-XXX] skill_or_command_name

**Logged**: ISO-8601 timestamp
**Priority**: high
**Status**: pending
**Area**: frontend | backend | infra | tests | docs | config

### Summary
Brief description of what failed

### Error

Actual error message or output

### Context
- Command/operation attempted
- Input or parameters used
- Environment details if relevant

### Suggested Fix
If identifiable, what might resolve this

### Metadata
- Reproducible: yes | no | unknown
- Related Files: path/to/file.ext
- See Also: ERR-20250110-001 (if recurring)

---

Feature Request Entry

Append to .learnings/FEATURE_REQUESTS.md:

## [FEAT-YYYYMMDD-XXX] capability_name

**Logged**: ISO-8601 timestamp
**Priority**: medium
**Status**: pending
**Area**: frontend | backend | infra | tests | docs | config

### Requested Capability
What the user wanted to do

### User Context
Why they needed it, what problem they're solving

### Complexity Estimate
simple | medium | complex

### Suggested Implementation
How this could be built, what it might extend

### Metadata
- Frequency: first_time | recurring
- Related Features: existing_feature_name

---

ID Generation

Format: TYPE-YYYYMMDD-XXX

• TYPE: LRN (learning), ERR (error), FEAT (feature)
• YYYYMMDD: Current date
• XXX: Sequential number or random 3 chars (e.g., 001, A7B)

Examples: LRN-20250115-001, ERR-20250115-A3F, FEAT-20250115-002

Resolving Entries

When an issue is fixed, update the entry:

1. Change **Status**: pending → **Status**: resolved
2. Add resolution block after Metadata:

### Resolution
- **Resolved**: 2025-01-16T09:00:00Z
- **Commit/PR**: abc123 or #42
- **Notes**: Brief description of what was done

Other status values:

• in_progress - Actively being worked on
• wont_fix - Decided not to address (add reason in Resolution notes)
• promoted - Elevated to CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md, or .github/copilot-instructions.md

Promoting to Project Memory

When a learning is broadly applicable (not a one-off fix), promote it to permanent project memory.

When to Promote

• Learning applies across multiple files/features
• Knowledge any contributor (human or AI) should know
• Prevents recurring mistakes
• Documents project-specific conventions

Promotion Targets

How to Promote

1. Distill the learning into a concise rule or fact
2. Add to appropriate section in target file (create file if needed)
3. Update original entry:
   • Change **Status**: pending → **Status**: promoted
   • Add **Promoted**: CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md, or .github/copilot-instructions.md

Promotion Examples

Learning (verbose):

Project uses pnpm workspaces. Attempted npm install but failed. Lock file is pnpm-lock.yaml. Must use pnpm install.

In CLAUDE.md (concise):

## Build & Dependencies
- Package manager: pnpm (not npm) - use `pnpm install`

Learning (verbose):

When modifying API endpoints, must regenerate TypeScript client. Forgetting this causes type mismatches at runtime.

In AGENTS.md (actionable):

## After API Changes
1. Regenerate client: `pnpm run generate:api`
2. Check for type errors: `pnpm tsc --noEmit`

Recurring Pattern Detection

If logging something similar to an existing entry:

1. Search first: grep -r "keyword" .learnings/
2. Link entries: Add **See Also**: ERR-20250110-001 in Metadata
3. Bump priority if issue keeps recurring
4. Consider systemic fix: Recurring issues often indicate:
   • Missing documentation (→ promote to CLAUDE.md or .github/copilot-instructions.md)
   • Missing automation (→ add to AGENTS.md)
   • Architectural problem (→ create tech debt ticket)

Simplify & Harden Feed

Use this workflow to ingest recurring patterns from the simplify-and-harden skill and turn them into durable prompt guidance.

Ingestion Workflow

1. Read simplify_and_harden.learning_loop.candidates from the task summary.
2. For each candidate, use pattern_key as the stable dedupe key.
3. Search .learnings/LEARNINGS.md for an existing entry with that key:
   • grep -n "Pattern-Key: <pattern_key>" .learnings/LEARNINGS.md
4. If found:
   • Increment Recurrence-Count
   • Update Last-Seen
   • Add See Also links to related entries/tasks
5. If not found:
   • Create a new LRN-... entry
   • Set Source: simplify-and-harden
   • Set Pattern-Key, Recurrence-Count: 1, and First-Seen/Last-Seen

Promotion Rule (System Prompt Feedback)

Promote recurring patterns into agent context/system prompt files when all are true:

• Recurrence-Count >= 3
• Seen across at least 2 distinct tasks
• Occurred within a 30-day window

Promotion targets:

• CLAUDE.md
• AGENTS.md
• .github/copilot-instructions.md
• SOUL.md / TOOLS.md for OpenClaw workspace-level guidance when applicable

Write promoted rules as short prevention rules (what to do before/while coding), not long incident write-ups.

Periodic Review

Review .learnings/ at natural breakpoints:

When to Review

• Before starting a new major task
• After completing a feature
• When working in an area with past learnings
• Weekly during active development

Quick Status Check

# Count pending items
grep -h "Status\*\*: pending" .learnings/*.md | wc -l

# List pending high-priority items
grep -B5 "Priority\*\*: high" .learnings/*.md | grep "^## \["

# Find learnings for a specific area
grep -l "Area\*\*: backend" .learnings/*.md

Review Actions

• Resolve fixed items
• Promote applicable learnings
• Link related entries
• Escalate recurring issues

Detection Triggers

Automatically log when you notice:

Corrections (→ learning with correction category):

• "No, that's not right..."
• "Actually, it should be..."
• "You're wrong about..."
• "That's outdated..."

Feature Requests (→ feature request):

• "Can you also..."
• "I wish you could..."
• "Is there a way to..."
• "Why can't you..."

Knowledge Gaps (→ learning with knowledge_gap category):

• User provides information you didn't know
• Documentation you referenced is outdated
• API behavior differs from your understanding

Errors (→ error entry):

• Command returns non-zero exit code
• Exception or stack trace
• Unexpected output or behavior
• Timeout or connection failure

Priority Guidelines

Area Tags

Use to filter learnings by codebase region:

Best Practices

1. Log immediately - context is freshest right after the issue
2. Be specific - future agents need to understand quickly
3. Include reproduction steps - especially for errors
4. Link related files - makes fixes easier
5. Suggest concrete fixes - not just "investigate"
6. Use consistent categories - enables filtering
7. Promote aggressively - if in doubt, add to CLAUDE.md or .github/copilot-instructions.md
8. Review regularly - stale learnings lose value

Gitignore Options

Keep learnings local (per-developer):

.learnings/

Track learnings in repo (team-wide): Don't add to .gitignore - learnings become shared knowledge.

Hybrid (track templates, ignore entries):

.learnings/*.md
!.learnings/.gitkeep

Hook Integration

Enable automatic reminders through agent hooks. This is opt-in - you must explicitly configure hooks.

Quick Setup (Claude Code / Codex)

Create .claude/settings.json in your project:

{
  "hooks": {
    "UserPromptSubmit": [{
      "matcher": "",
      "hooks": [{
        "type": "command",
        "command": "./skills/self-improvement/scripts/activator.sh"
      }]
    }]
  }
}

This injects a learning evaluation reminder after each prompt (~50-100 tokens overhead).

Full Setup (With Error Detection)

{
  "hooks": {
    "UserPromptSubmit": [{
      "matcher": "",
      "hooks": [{
        "type": "command",
        "command": "./skills/self-improvement/scripts/activator.sh"
      }]
    }],
    "PostToolUse": [{
      "matcher": "Bash",
      "hooks": [{
        "type": "command",
        "command": "./skills/self-improvement/scripts/error-detector.sh"
      }]
    }]
  }
}

Available Hook Scripts

See references/hooks-setup.md for detailed configuration and troubleshooting.

Automatic Skill Extraction

When a learning is valuable enough to become a reusable skill, extract it using the provided helper.

Skill Extraction Criteria

A learning qualifies for skill extraction when ANY of these apply:

Extraction Workflow

1. Identify candidate: Learning meets extraction criteria
2. Run helper (or create manually):

   ./skills/self-improvement/scripts/extract-skill.sh skill-name --dry-run
   ./skills/self-improvement/scripts/extract-skill.sh skill-name
   

3. Customize SKILL.md: Fill in template with learning content
4. Update learning: Set status to promoted_to_skill, add Skill-Path
5. Verify: Read skill in fresh session to ensure it's self-contained

Manual Extraction

If you prefer manual creation:

1. Create skills/<skill-name>/SKILL.md
2. Use template from assets/SKILL-TEMPLATE.md
3. Follow Agent Skills spec:
   • YAML frontmatter with name and description
   • Name must match folder name
   • No README.md inside skill folder

Extraction Detection Triggers

Watch for these signals that a learning should become a skill:

In conversation:

• "Save this as a skill"
• "I keep running into this"
• "This would be useful for other projects"
• "Remember this pattern"

In learning entries:

• Multiple See Also links (recurring issue)
• High priority + resolved status
• Category: best_practice with broad applicability
• User feedback praising the solution

Skill Quality Gates

Before extraction, verify:

• Solution is tested and working
• Description is clear without original context
• Code examples are self-contained
• No project-specific hardcoded values
• Follows skill naming conventions (lowercase, hyphens)

Multi-Agent Support

This skill works across different AI coding agents with agent-specific activation.

Claude Code

Activation: Hooks (UserPromptSubmit, PostToolUse) Setup: .claude/settings.json with hook configuration Detection: Automatic via hook scripts

Codex CLI

Activation: Hooks (same pattern as Claude Code) Setup: .codex/settings.json with hook configuration Detection: Automatic via hook scripts

GitHub Copilot

Activation: Manual (no hook support) Setup: Add to .github/copilot-instructions.md:

## Self-Improvement

After solving non-obvious issues, consider logging to `.learnings/`:
1. Use format from self-improvement skill
2. Link related entries with See Also
3. Promote high-value learnings to skills

Ask in chat: "Should I log this as a learning?"

Detection: Manual review at session end

OpenClaw

Activation: Workspace injection + inter-agent messaging Setup: See "OpenClaw Setup" section above Detection: Via session tools and workspace files

Agent-Agnostic Guidance

Regardless of agent, apply self-improvement when you:

1. Discover something non-obvious - solution wasn't immediate
2. Correct yourself - initial approach was wrong
3. Learn project conventions - discovered undocumented patterns
4. Hit unexpected errors - especially if diagnosis was difficult
5. Find better approaches - improved on your original solution

Copilot Chat Integration

For Copilot users, add this to your prompts when relevant:

After completing this task, evaluate if any learnings should be logged to .learnings/ using the self-improvement skill format.

Or use quick prompts:

• "Log this to learnings"
• "Create a skill from this solution"
• "Check .learnings/ for related issues"
• "/instinct-status" (v2)
• "/evolve" (v2)

Privacy

• Observations stay local on your machine
• Project-scoped instincts are isolated per project
• Only instincts (patterns) can be exported — not raw observations
• No actual code or conversation content is shared
• You control what gets exported and promoted

References

Instinct-based learning: teaching Claude your patterns, one project at a time.